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Supplier Scorecard 供應商評分卡
Released已發布 industry manufacturing
Evaluate and manage suppliers using weighted scorecards across quality, delivery, price, and service dimensions. Use this skill when the user needs to assess supplier performance, compare vendors for selection, design a supplier rating system, or manage supplier development — even if they say 'which supplier should we choose', 'rate our vendors', 'this supplier keeps delivering late', or 'build a vendor evaluation system'.
製造技能：Supplier Scorecard 分析與應用。
Framework 框架
IRON LAW: Evaluate on QCDS (Quality, Cost, Delivery, Service) — Not Just Price
The cheapest supplier who delivers defective parts late with no support
is the most expensive supplier. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes:
purchase price + incoming inspection + rework + downtime from defects +
expediting fees + management overhead.
NEVER select suppliers on price alone.
Four Evaluation Dimensions (QCDS)
| Dimension | Weight (typical) | KPIs |
|---|---|---|
| Quality | 30-40% | Defect rate (PPM), incoming inspection pass rate, certifications (ISO 9001), corrective action responsiveness |
| Cost | 20-30% | Unit price, total cost of ownership, price stability, payment terms |
| Delivery | 20-30% | On-time delivery rate, lead time, lead time variability, flexibility for rush orders |
| Service | 10-20% | Responsiveness, communication quality, technical support, willingness to collaborate on improvements |
Scoring Method
- Define KPIs per dimension (2-3 per dimension)
- Set weights (must sum to 100%)
- Score each KPI: 1-5 scale with clear definitions:
- 5 = Excellent (top 10% of suppliers)
- 4 = Good (meets all requirements consistently)
- 3 = Acceptable (meets most requirements)
- 2 = Below expectations (frequent issues)
- 1 = Unacceptable (critical problems)
- Calculate weighted total
- Classify: A (>4.0), B (3.0-4.0), C (2.0-3.0), D (<2.0)
Supplier Classification & Actions
| Grade | Score | Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| A | >4.0 | Preferred supplier, increase business, joint development |
| B | 3.0-4.0 | Approved supplier, maintain, targeted improvement |
| C | 2.0-3.0 | Conditional, improvement plan required within 90 days |
| D | <2.0 | Phase out, begin alternative sourcing immediately |
Risk Assessment
| Risk Factor | Question | Mitigation |
|---|---|---|
| Single source | Is this supplier the only source for a critical component? | Develop backup supplier |
| Geographic | Is the supplier in a region prone to disruption? | Dual-source across regions |
| Financial | Is the supplier financially stable? | Monitor credit, require financial disclosures |
| Capacity | Can the supplier scale with our growth? | Capacity commitment agreements |
| IP | Does the supplier have access to our proprietary designs? | NDA + IP clauses in contract |
Supplier Development Program (SDP)
For C-grade suppliers worth keeping:
- Gap analysis: Where specifically are they falling short?
- Improvement plan: Specific, measurable, time-bound targets
- Support: Provide training, share best practices, co-invest if needed
- Review: Monthly progress checks, 90-day formal reassessment
- Decision: Improved to B+ → continue. Still C or worse → phase out.
Output Format輸出格式
# Supplier Scorecard: {Supplier Name}
Gotchas注意事項
- Weighting should reflect YOUR priorities: A medical device company should weight Quality at 50%+. A commodity buyer might weight Cost at 40%. Don't use generic weights.
- Score inflation: Purchasing teams may inflate scores to avoid difficult conversations with suppliers. Require data-backed evidence for each score.
- Review frequency: A-grade quarterly, B/C-grade monthly, D-grade weekly until resolved.
- Supplier relationship matters: Scorecards are tools for improvement, not punishment. Share results with suppliers transparently — the best suppliers want feedback.
- TCO includes hidden costs: Don't forget: incoming inspection labor, warehouse space for safety stock (to cover unreliable delivery), engineering time for quality issues, customs/logistics for overseas suppliers.
References參考資料
- For TCO calculation methodology, see
references/tco-calculation.md - For supplier audit checklists, see
references/supplier-audit.md
Tags標籤
manufacturingprocurementsupplier-management